"Still, I cannot claim to have penetrated to the inner mystery of Jewish identity or 'Jewishness,' the qualities that make a Jew a Jew." -- Shaye J. D. Cohen, "The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties"

"Rather, they adopted an elaborate system of subsitute faiths that were supposed to keep people Jewish—from commitment to 'prophetic Judaism' (read, left-wing politics), to Israel, to the memory of the Holocaust, to a generalized ethnic 'Jewishness.' -- Elliot Abrams, "Judaism or Jewishness?" First Things 74 (June/July 1997): 18-25.