al regel achat

lit. "on one foot"; off-the-cuff; "To answer a question or deal with a query very briefly and cursorily." (Glinert)

aliyah

immigration to Israel

"calling to the reading of the Torah" (Glinert)

ascent

ascent of the soul of a deceased person to a higher level, as is believed to happen on their yartzeit

baruch haba

"Welcome!"

bekitzur

"Briefly or concisely: succinctly" (Weiser)

chag sameach

"Literally, 'Happy Holiday.' The traditional, all-purpose greeting exchanged on almost any Jewish holiday" (JPS).

chas v'chalila

"heaven forbid" (Steinmetz's Yiddish and English dictionary)

chaver

friend

comrade, mister (in left-wing political organizations)

golus

literally "exile" (JPS); outside of the Land of Israel; away from a vibrant Jewish community; the time period since the destruction of the Second Temple at Jerusalem (Glinert)

inyan

significance within Jewish law.

topic [of conversation] (Weiser, Glinert).

matter (Steinmetz)

madrega

level, especially spiritual level

matzav

situation

political, military situation in Israel/the Middle East

saba

grandfather

titchadesh

"Use it in good health" or "Enjoy your new item"