chaver

comrade, mister (in left-wing political organizations)

friend

golus

literally "exile" (JPS); outside of the Land of Israel; away from a vibrant Jewish community; the time period since the destruction of the Second Temple at Jerusalem (Glinert)

hatikvah

literally "the hope." "The Israeli national anthem." (Glinert)

nu

so what?; so?; hurry up already